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Condenser Microphone - regular direction or upside down?

It used to be done to avoid the heat from the tubes of old condenser microphones from running the diaphragm.

These days, the only real practical reasons are if you want to keep the microphone/stand away from the singer’s hands or if they perform better singing up into the microphone versus straight on or down into it.
 
What does it say in the manual? This really should be your starting point.

Here is an example from the AT2040 manual, this is a mic that you probably don't want to hang upside down.

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The polar pattern, capsule orientation, mesh screening, and recording subject all have a role to play in deciding the optimal orientation and position for the microphone.
 
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It used to be done to avoid the heat from the tubes of old condenser microphones from running the diaphragm.

These days, the only real practical reasons are if you want to keep the microphone/stand away from the singer’s hands or if they perform better singing up into the microphone versus straight on or down into it.
This
 
Dear friend of mine was using his end-address like a side-address. It's still a microphone, just not a very good one.
 
Dear friend of mine was using his end-address like a side-address. It's still a microphone, just not a very good one.
If you don't have a manual for it, is there a way to tell for sure whether a given microphone is end-address or side-address?
 
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